Water treatment includes removing impurities such as sand, suspended solids, dissolved salts, ions, hardness from natural water bodies for its use in industries and households. With stringent pollution and specific water quality requirements for industries, it is necessary to treat water from various sources for further uses.
Chemical dosing is the adding of chemicals into water/fluid or sludge to achieve required conditioning. This would make the treatment effective by various mechanisms such as charge neutralization, settling of solids etc.
Clarifiers are the settling tanks used to separate solid particulates from liquids.
Filtration is a process to remove finer impurities from water by using a physical barrier.
Softeners are widely used for reducing hardness from water. Softening is a reversible ion exchange process wherein the hardness forming ions are exchanged with sodium ions present in the resin group.
Demineralization is the most proven and reliable technology used in water treatment to remove minerals, using the principles of ion exchange. De-gasification & polishing are used to produce mineral-free water.
Reverse osmosis (RO), Nano filtration (NF), Ultrafiltration are membrane filtration based processes used for separation of dissolved salts. Water is pumped against the surface of a membrane resulting in separation of dissolved constituents
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